Point 3 — IC + Modifier

What do we see?

At least three of: comma + modifier + period/semicolon/colon/dash; period/semicolon/colon/dash + modifier + comma; comma or dash on both sides of the modifier; modifier + comma.

What do we understand?

Check whether the phrase logically applies to the previous clause or the next clause.
Punctuate so that no run-on or comma splice is created.
The phrase must not be enclosed by matching punctuation (two commas or two dashes) when it belongs to one side only.

Tips & traps

Stub error: eliminate options with paired commas or paired dashes when the modifier attaches to just one of the two clauses.

Question 1 of 4

Throughout the multi-decade effort to formally recognize the contributions of Indigenous nations in Canada, certain milestones were significant: the establishment of the First Nations University of Canada in ______ the Haida Nation v. British Columbia Supreme Court ruling in 2004, which affirmed Aboriginal consultation rights, is another such milestone.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?