Point 4B — The Case of “Respectively”

What do we see?

Respectively in the options, with punctuation varying: period/semicolon/colon/dash + respectively + comma; comma on both sides; no punctuation on either side; punctuation on one side only.

What do we understand?

Respectively is punctuated like a strong transition, but it can only sit in the middle or at the end of an IC that closes a list.

In the middle of an IC → commas on both sides.
At the end of an IC → period/semicolon/colon/dash on one side.

Avoid stub errors that produce a run-on or comma splice, or that leave respectively unpunctuated on one or both sides.

Question 1 of 3

In 2019, internationally recognized Ghanaian photographer Nyani Quarmyne exhibited his work at the Autograph Gallery and the Impressions Gallery in the United Kingdom and ______ using stark black-and-white tones, extended exposures, and deliberate framing, Quarmyne’s photographs capture the lives of communities facing rising sea levels along West Africa’s coastline.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?